Recommendations for stretching may seem to change from year to year. Experts debate the benefits of stretching. Stretching prevents injuries, decreases muscle soreness, increases body awareness, and improves posture and muscle symmetry. Stretching can prevent muscle soreness after exercise, but there is little evidence that stretching before exercise has any benefit.
Runners can benefit from stretching after exercise. Running tends to strengthen and tighten the muscles of the lower back, calves and hamstrings. Stretching helps elongate the muscles and keep them supple. When muscles tighten they pull on the connective points and can cause imbalances, which may lead to injury. Incorporating stretching into your routine can prevent this.
The American College of Sports Medicine recommends 10 minutes of stretching activities 3-4 days per week. When stretching it is important to never bounce. Static stretching, holding each stretch for 10-30 seconds, for 3-4 repetitions per stretch is the safest way to increase flexibility.
5 Great Stretches For Runners:
Hamstring stretch:
Place foot on solid object, keeps hips even, gently lean forward anteriorly tilting the pelvis to stretch the back of the thigh.
Quadraceps/Hip Flexor:
Place foot on a solid object of the appropriate height; slightly push the hips forward into a posterior pelvic tilt to stretch the front of the thigh and hip.
Piriformis:
Stand holding onto a solid object for support, cross one leg over the other, put body weight into backside as if sitting in a chair, gently apply pressure with your hand to open up the knee and stretch the hip/glute.
Gastrocnemius:
Place hands on a wall or solid object, feet pointing forward, legs straight, bend the front knee and push the back heel towards the ground, stretching the back of the calf.
Soleus:
Kneel down on one knee, place body weight onto leg of foot that is on the ground, stretching the calf and achillies tendon.
Resources:
American College Of Sports Medicine, Updated Physical Activity Guidelines 2007
Len Kravitz Ph.D and Vivian H. Heyward Ph.D , Flexibility Training, articles